Monday, February 28, 2022

Two postdoc positions in ecology and biodiversity at Linnaeus University

Hi all

 

Please help spread these vacancies among your students and colleagues:

 

We seek to strengthen our research team at Linnaeus University, Kalmar, by recruiting two postdocs

(one postdoktor and one postdoctoral fellow) interested in biological diversity, community ecology and evolution.

 

The successful applicants will carry out research within the framework of the Swedish National Research Programme on Climate via a large project funded by the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (https://lnu.se/en/meet-linnaeus-university/current/news/2021/155-miljoner-till-forskning-om-den-svenska-ekens-roll-i-klimatomstallningen/).

Genetic, ecological and environmental data will be collected from natural forests and oak breeding forests representing three different oak species in southern Sweden. The research will focus on how intra- and interspecific genetic variation influence the ability of oaks to cope with changing environmental conditions and how it affects the associated biodiversity. Another important line of investigation concerns responses to climate change. To this end, the project will utilize an array of traditional and innovative, cutting-edge techniques and advanced statistical methods to sample oak stands in ways that allow for quantification of growth rates, vitality, genetics/genomics, physiology, trophic food webs, environmental and climatic conditions.

The postdocs will be responsible for studies of biodiversity of organisms associated with oaks, and for investigations of how climate change impact on insect populations, species and communities (primarily butterflies and moths). For this, an array of traditional and innovative sampling techniques (e.g., metabarcoding of frass fall traps and insect traps, and wildlife acoustic song meter automated audio recordings) will be used along with 'omics' approaches and advanced statistical methods. It will be investigated how variation and change in community composition and trophic food webs are related to forest characteristics (species, age and genetic structure) and environmental factors.

For further information about the positions, qualification requirements, assessment grounds, and on how to apply, please see the advertisements at the links below.

 

Postdoctoral fellow in ecology and biodiversity (completed PhD degree no more than three years before the application deadline)

https://lnu.se/en/meet-linnaeus-university/work-at-the-university/?rmpage=job&rmjob=6405&rmlang=UK

Last day to apply: April 4, 2022

 

Postdoktor in ecology and biodiversity (completed PhD degree no more than seven years before the application deadline)

https://lnu.se/en/meet-linnaeus-university/work-at-the-university/?rmpage=job&rmjob=6404&rmlang=UK

Last day to apply: April 4, 2022

 

Applications should be submitted via lnu.se and the links provided above.

Do not send applications via e-mail.

 

Please help us spread the information to suitable applicants!

 

Cheers,

Anders F.

 

************************************************
Anders Forsman
Professor evolutionary ecology
Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Systems, EEMiS
Department of Biology and Environmental Science
Linnaeus University

Visiting address: Norra Kajplan 6
391 82 Kalmar
Sweden

e-mail:
Anders.Forsman@lnu.se
phone: +46-(0)480-446173
cellular phone: +46-(0)706-272738

Skypename: professorandersforsman


Personal Websites:
https://lnu.se/en/staff/anders.forsman/


EEMiS:
https://lnu.se/en/research/searchresearch/linnaeus-university-centre-for-ecology-and-evolution-in-microbial-model-systems/

 

ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anders_Forsman

 

Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.se/citations?user=ejUJ5N8AAAAJ

**************************************************

 

PhD position at Trondheim

Hi Oikos Listan,

 

Please spread this vacancy for a great PhD position among your students:

 

PhD on effects of fungi and invertebrate herbivores on plant community ecology and evolution

We have a vacancy for a PhD candidate at the Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, to study the effects of fungal pathogens and invertebrate herbivores on plant community assembly and evolution, as part of a globally distributed experiment. This is a fixed-term position for a period of 3 years with the possibility of a 4th year, if the candidate takes on compulsory duty work, such as teaching or other service work at the Department.

The goal is to obtain a doctoral degree in biology. The candidate will perform field experiments to study the roles of fungi and invertebrate herbivores in the ecology and evolution of plant communities along elevational gradients in the Norwegian mountains.

The working environment
The PhD candidate will join the Multiscale Biology (MsB) section of the Department of Biology. The MsB section investigates processes spanning multiple levels of biological organization, from molecules to ecosystems. The MsB section is a collaborative, vibrant, and growing research community including 8 Associate Professors and Professors, 10 PhD candidates and postdocs, and 7 engineers. Further information can be found at
https://www.ntnu.edu/biology/research/multiscale 

The research group and the project
The candidate will be directly supervised by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Martijn L. Vandegehuchte. The candidate will take part in an international research network, conducting a globally replicated experiment to investigate the effects of aboveground fungi and invertebrate herbivores on plant communities (BugNet:
https://bug-net.org).

The candidate will work at Norwegian field sites to conduct the experiments set out by the BugNet project. In addition, the PhD candidate will have the opportunity to develop research into the roles of climate, disease, and herbivory in affecting interactions between plants and soil organisms and in plant evolutionary ecology. The field locations, in the mountains of central Norway, are ideally situated to use elevational gradients as a space-for-time substitution to study climate change effects. Dr. Anne Kempel of the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research and Prof. Dr. Eric Allan of the University of Bern, both in Switzerland, will co-supervise the PhD candidate.

More info to apply here: https://www.jobbnorge.no/en/available-jobs/job/221175/phd-on-effects-of-fungi-and-invertebrate-herbivores-on-plant-community-ecology-and-evolution

 

My best,

Dries (in name of my former collaborator Martijn)

 

____________________________________________________________________________­

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

Dries Bonte

Professor of Ecology and Evolution

+32 9 2645213

 

Ghent University, Department Biology

Terrestrial Ecology Unit

K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35
9000 Gent
Belgium

Skype: driesbonte
Twitter:
@BonteDries
website:
https://www.ecology.ugent.be/terec/research/spatial-ecology-and-evolution-group/
Oikos: synthesising ecology: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0706

FWO Research community EVENET: http://www.ecology.ugent.be/evenet/home.php

 

e-maildisclaimer

 

 

Friday, February 25, 2022

Open post-doc on mussel-fish interactions


Dear all,

Please spread the attached post-doc at Karlstad Uni to anyone interested.

Cheers

Anders








__________________________________ 

Anders Nilsson, PhD, Professor
Lund University
Dept. Biology - Aquatic ecology
Ecology Building
SE-22362 Lund
Sweden

+46-(0)70-3462566 (mobile)
pandersnilsson (skype)
anders.nilsson@biol.lu.se
Web page
Aquatic Ecology on Facebook
ResearchGate
Google Scholar

Have a look at our book!


__________________________________

Open Post-doc position at Umeå University

On behalf of Kim Magnus Bærum

 

Dear all,

Open postdoctoral position in Aquatic Ecology at Umeå University, in cooperation with the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), within the BioDivERsA project:

“Holistic evaluation and restoration measures of human impacts on freshwater ecosystems across biogeographical gradients  - FreshRestore.”

 

Please, see details here:

Postdoctoral position (2 years) in Aquatic Ecology - Environmental drivers of fish top consumer growth, production and size structure (umu.se)

 

 

 

________________________________________________________________

Graciela M. Rusch
Senior Research Scientist

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA
Postal address:
PB 5685 Torsgarden, NO-7485 Trondheim, NORWAY
Delivery/Visiting address: Høgskoleringen 9, NO-7034 Trondheim, NORWAY
Phone: +47 93 00 85 03 
Fax: +47 73 80 14 01  www.nina.no
________________________________________________________________

 

Associate Editor Ambio

The journal Ambio – A Journal of the Human Environment  https://www.springer.com/journal/13280

 

 

Monday, February 21, 2022

Open position for an Associate Senior Lecturer in Biology at Karlstad University

The Department of Environmental and Life Sciences at Karlstad University is looking for an enthusiastic colleague to complement our research profile in biology.

Would you like to be part of exciting ecological and evolutionary research on linkages between aquatic and terrestrial habitats? Then this tenure-track position might be something for you.

 

The position of Associate Senior Lecturer is primarily intended for applicants who have completed their PhD or acquired equivalent qualifications no longer than five years before the application deadline.

See the attached document for more details.

 

Application deadline: 20 March 2022

State the reference no: REK2022/43

 

For further questions contact:

Larry Greenberg (Head of Department), larry.greenberg@kau.se

Lutz Eckstein (Professor) lutz.eckstein@kau.se

 

We look forward to your application!

 

--

Lutz Eckstein, Professor of Plant Ecology

Karlstad University

Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biology

SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden

 

 

När du skickar e-post till Karlstads universitet behandlar vi dina personuppgifter.
When you send an e-mail to Karlstad University, we will process your personal data.

Stockholms universitet söker dykvan marinbiolog

Inst för Ekologi, miljö och botanik (DEEP) vid Stockholms universitet söker marinbiolog med dykvana (svensktalande, ej disputerad, tillsvidareanställning 100%) inom miljöövervakningsprogrammet för vegetationsklädda bottnar (på uppdrag av HAV). Sista ansökningsdag 15e mars.

https://www.su.se/om-universitetet/jobba-p%C3%A5-su/lediga-jobb?rmpage=job&rmjob=17102&rmlang=SE

 

Mvh

Agnes Karlsson –ny kontrakthavare för programmet

agnes.karlsson@su.se

Inst. Ekologi, miljö och botanik (DEEP)

 

Thursday, February 17, 2022

PhD position SLU/Grimsö

PhD position in modeling with interdisciplinary focus

 

The PhD position is based at the Department of Ecology at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

(SLU), where we conduct research on populations, communities and ecosystems. We generate knowledge on

how land use and climate affect animals, plants, nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas balance, seeking

solutions to mitigate climate change, preserve threatened species, benefit biological diversity and ecosystem

services in managed landscapes. Active outreach and frequent dialogue with stakeholders are key activities.

To generate cutting-edge research and to promote sustainable natural resource management, we build on

extensive national and international research collaborations.

 

Tasks:

We are looking for a highly motivated graduate student who will 1) develop quantitative models to translate

legal concepts defined in European law into measurable ecological ones that are applicable across many taxa,

2) develop quantitative models to document the effects of legal protection on species recovery and 3) analyze

patterns of biodiversity-related legal aspects across European countries. The research will involve several taxa,

but with an emphasis on large carnivores. The PhD position is interdisciplinary, being both intensive in

quantitative modelling and requiring an ability to understand legal concepts and their use by stakeholders.

 

See attached file for more details.

PhDstillinger ved Universitet i Oslo og Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA) om villbier bevaringsgenetikk

On behalf of Markus Sydenham

 

 

Dear all,

 

My colleague at UiO, Bastiaan Star, and I are looking for 2 PHDstudents to work with us on wild bee landscape conservation genomics and ecology:

PhD Research Fellow in landscape ecology and conservation of wild pollinators (219768) | University of Oslo (jobbnorge.no)

PhD Research Fellow in conservation genomics of wild pollinators (219769) | University of Oslo (jobbnorge.no)

 

Could I ask you to spread the adds through your networks?

 

Thank you in advance,

Yours,

Markus

 

Wednesday, February 16, 2022

FW: Three postdoc positions at UCL

-----Original Message-----
From: Reuter, Max <m.reuter@ucl.ac.uk>
Sent: den 16 februari 2022 15:29
To: Andres, Aida <a.andres@ucl.ac.uk>
Subject: Three postdoc positions at UCL

Dear colleagues,

We have openings for three postdocs to join my and my co-PI Aida Andrés's groups at UCL to work on the genetics and genomics of sexual antagonism in fruit flies. I attach an advert with information on the posts.

If you can think of anyone who might be interested, please pass this on to them. The deadline for applications is March 14.

Many thanks!

All the best,

Max



__________________________________________________________________
Max Reuter

Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Faculty of Life Sciences University College London Darwin Building Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

Phone: +44-20-76792201 (internal 32201)

Lab: http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbtmre/Labsite/
Department: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/biosciences/gee
Journal of Evolutionary Biology: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14209101
__________________________________________________________________

Tuesday, February 15, 2022

Two Post doc -positions on vegetation ecology/biogeochemistry and microbial ecology at the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)

On behalf of Hanna M. Silvennoinen.

 

NINA is recruiting 2 post-doc positions, please, see here the details:

 

Post doctoral research fellow on biogeochemistry and vegetation ecology (nina.no)

 

Post doctoral research fellow in Biogeochemistry/Molecular biology (nina.no)

 

PhD position at SLU, Umeå - Interdisciplinary decision support for drained wetlands

Interdisciplinary decision support for drained wetlands

 

Description:

Millions of hectares of northern peatlands have been drained for forestry, with new estimates of up to 1 million km of ditches in Sweden alone. Drainage has increased forest productivity in some, but not all areas. The future fate of these drainage ditches can be to: 1) clean them to ensure continued drainage, 2) ecologically restore them to a more natural state, or 3) leave them alone. The PhD student should develop a decision support tool to balance varying – and sometimes competing – ecosystem services based on new results from a side-by-side comparison of these three different management options at the Trollberget Experimental Area located within the long-term Krycklan Catchment Study (www.slu.se/Krycklan), along with scaled up measurements of ditches.


The PhD student will work with the research group to develop current GIS and modelling methods, potentially using AI methods to identify ditches, soils, and slopes to determine which ditches are the best candidates for ecological restoration, cleaning, or being left alone. The tool should take into account the GHG balance, biodiversity, water quality and quantity of ditches. 


Apply no later than April 1, 2022.  Find the official announcement and how to apply here:https://www.slu.se/en/about-slu/work-at-slu/jobs-vacancies/?rmpage=job&rmjob=6093&rmlang=UK


For additional information about this position, please contact:

Eliza Maher Hasselquist (eliza.hasselquist@slu.se) or

Anneli Ågren (anneli.agren@slu.se )

For more information about the department, please visit http://www.slu.se/en/departments/forest-ecology-management/.


Thanks for spreading this to your networks!


---------------------------------------

 

Eliza Maher Hasselquist

Researcher (Forskare)

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Umeå

mobile: +46 70 376 9515
eliza.hasselquist@slu.se

 

Umeå Campus representative

for SLU Future Forests

 

Twitter: @emhasselquist

Permanent email: eliza.hasselquist@gmail.com

Website: https://elizamaherhasselquist.weebly.com/

RE: call to Oikos annual general meeting

Sorry, there was a minor error in point 4 of the agenda that I just sent out. Åsa Langefors is the current NSO representative in the European Ecological Federation, not Åsa Lankinen. This is now corrected in the attached file.

 

Jessica.

 

From: Jessica Abbott
Sent: den 15 februari 2022 14:36
To: 'oikoslistan@listserver.lu.se' <oikoslistan@listserver.lu.se>
Subject: call to Oikos annual general meeting

 

The annual general meeting for the Swedish Society Oikos will be held over Zoom on Wednesday March 9th at 14.00. See the attached agenda for more information.

 

Jessica.

 

 

Dr. Jessica K. Abbott

Department head/Senior University Lecturer

Department of Biology

Section for Evolutionary Ecology

Lund University

Sölvegatan 37

223 62 Lund, Sweden

Phone: 046 222 9304

Website: https://tinyurl.com/jessicakabbott

 

"It is those who know little, and not those who know much, who so positively assert that this or that problem will never be solved by science."

- Charles Darwin, Descent of Man

 

call to Oikos annual general meeting

The annual general meeting for the Swedish Society Oikos will be held over Zoom on Wednesday March 9th at 14.00. See the attached agenda for more information.

 

Jessica.

 

 

Dr. Jessica K. Abbott

Department head/Senior University Lecturer

Department of Biology

Section for Evolutionary Ecology

Lund University

Sölvegatan 37

223 62 Lund, Sweden

Phone: 046 222 9304

Website: https://tinyurl.com/jessicakabbott

 

"It is those who know little, and not those who know much, who so positively assert that this or that problem will never be solved by science."

- Charles Darwin, Descent of Man

 

Sunday, February 13, 2022

4 year PhD-position in evolutionary ecology at Lund University

Dear all,


We are happy to announce an attractive 4 year PhD-position at Lund university within a project addressing how and why wild populations vary in their evolutionary potentialThe goal will be to monitor selection and genetic variation in wild populations of green tortoise beetles Cassida viridis over time and space. This insect system enables studies of selection and adaptation not only in the lab, but also in the field in multiple freeranging populations along environmental gradients. The outcomes will increase our capacity to predict evolution and to understand how populations respond when encountering a changing or novel environment.

The doctoral student be a part of the Evolutionary Ecology of Plant Insect Interactions group at the  Department of Biology, Lund University. For further information, please contact the main supervisor Maja Tarka (maja.tarka@biol.lu.se)

Please spread within your networks.

Please find more information and apply here:

https://lu.varbi.com/en/what:job/jobID:473205/type:job/where:4/apply:1


Saturday, February 12, 2022

PhD position in Ecology at SLU Uppsala – Phylogenetic community ecology from a global sampling network

Dear All

 

Through project LIFEPLAN (https://www2.helsinki.fi/en/projects/lifeplan), we are looking for a PhD student to work on Phylogenetic community ecology.

 

LIFEPLAN generates standardized community-level data across all continents over multiple years. Focusing on insects, the PhD student will use data generated by imaging, DNA barcoding and metabarcoding to explore the structure of species assemblages. By generating a phylogenetic framework for these communities, and by extracting information on body size, the PhD student will investigate community structure in terms of species diversity, phylogenetic diversity and trait disparity. The use and development of bioinformatics tools able to handle large datasets, in particular for generating phylogenetic information, will be an important part of the project.

 

The successful candidate will be integrated in the LIFEPLAN group, an international network of some hundred researchers from the fields of community ecology, mathematical modeling, artificial intelligence and metabarcoding. At the Department of Ecology, the PhD student will join a research group with strong expertise in community ecology, ecological interaction networks, biogeography and insect phylogenetics.

 

For more information, see:

https://www.slu.se/en/about-slu/work-at-slu/jobs-vacancies/?rmpage=job&rmjob=6054&rmlang=UK

 

The deadline for application is March 4.

 

Best wishes

Tomas Roslin

 

___________________________________

Tomas Roslin, Professor

 

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)

Department of Ecology

Ulls väg 18B

75651 Uppsala

SWEDEN

 

Cellphone: +358 40 595 8098

Phone (SWE): +46 18 672 383

 

web pages:

https://www.slu.se/en/cv/tomas-roslin/

http://www.helsinki.fi/foodwebs/

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/projects/lifeplan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

---
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E-mailing SLU will result in SLU processing your personal data. For more information on how this is done, click here

Thursday, February 10, 2022

postdoc and PhD student positions in forest ecology

 

From: Müller Dr., Jörg (NPV-BW) <Joerg.Mueller@npv-bw.bayern.de>
Sent: den 9 februari 2022 10:57
To: Marc Cadotte <marc.cadotte@utoronto.ca>; Tord Snäll <Tord.Snall@slu.se>; Baldrian <baldrian@biomed.cas.cz>; Plas, Fons van der <fons.vanderplas@wur.nl>; Akira Mori <akira.s.mori@gmail.com>
Subject: postdoc and PhD student positions in forest ecology

 

Dear friends

I would be happy if you distribute our Betafor Positions via your distribution lists.

 

Best

Jörg

 

News from saproxylic beetles:

https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2656.13512

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03740-8

 

Prof. Jörg Müller

Nationalpark Bavarian Forest

Deputy Head

Head of the Department Conservation and Research

Freyunger Str. 2

94481 Grafenau

Germany

phone++49-8552-9600-179

mobil++49-16090966475

fax ++498552-9600-100

joerg.mueller@npv-bw.bayern.de

........................................

Field Station Fabrikschleichach

Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology

Biocenter University of Würzburg

Glashüttenstraße 5

96181 Rauhenebrach

Germany

phone++49-931-31-83378

mobil++49-16090966475

joerg.mueller@uni-wuerzburg.de

 

---
När du skickar e-post till SLU så innebär detta att SLU behandlar dina personuppgifter. För att läsa mer om hur detta går till, klicka här
E-mailing SLU will result in SLU processing your personal data. For more information on how this is done, click here

Wednesday, February 9, 2022

PhD course: Variation & Extremes in Ecology and Ecological Physiology - Thinking Beyond the Average

Variation & Extremes in Ecology and Ecological Physiology - Thinking Beyond the Average

PhD course

Tjärnö Marine Laboratory 10-16 June, 2022 

Although many aspects of life are governed by the average—average rainfall, average temperature, average reproductive output, for instance—there are times when the average pales in importance to the variation organisms encounter and the rare extremes to which variation leads. Performance in a variable environment is often substantially different from performance in a constant environment. For example, a benign average body temperature is irrelevant if even for a moment temperature exceeds an  organism's lethal limit, and the increase in environmental variability that accompanies global warming suggests that such challenging events will become more common.

Through lectures and laboratory exercises we will explore the role of variation and extremes in ecology and ecological physiology. Topics addressed will include the pervasive effects of Jensen's inequality ("the fallacy of the average"), the statistics of extremes and how to calculate and interpret them, and the importance of mechanistic models in the exploration of variation and extremes. 

The course is aimed at graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in ecology, ecological physiology, and related areas of biology and environmental science. Students are encouraged to bring to the class their own data and their experiences with the topic.


Teachers on the course are Mark Denny, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University och Christopher Harley, University of British Colombia.

The course will be held at Tjärnö Marine Laboratory outside Strömstad (www.gu.se/en/tjarno). 

The course is free of charge and also lodging is covered for. Students will have to cover their own travel and costs for food. The course is given during full days 10–16 June 2022 with arrival date June 9 and departure day June 17.


Application should include a short motivation (<1 page) and a brief CV. Submit to the University of Gothenburg course portal:
 https://fubasdoc.gu.se/fubasextern/info?kurs=NMAR307


 

Application deadline: April 15, 2022


Contact & inquires: Ann Larsson, ann.larsson@marine.gu.se

             
___________________________________
Eva Marie Rödström
Research Coordinator
The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB)
www.gu.se/en/cemeb-marine-evolutionary-biology

Department of Marine Sciences
Tjärnö Marine Laboratory 
University of Gothenburg
SE 452 96 STRÖMSTAD
Sweden

eva.marie.rodstrom@gu.se
+46 (0)76 622 9630 

…………………………………………………
Department of Marine Sciences - https://www.gu.se/en/marina-vetenskaper

Centre for Sea and Society - www.gu.se/hav-samhalle

Ocean - www.gu.se/en/ocean

Tjärnö Marine Laboratory - https://www.gu.se/tjarno

…………………………………………………

"For there is always light,
if only we're brave enough to see it
If only we're brave enough to be it"
–  Amanda Gorman – 

To get to our next level of greatness depends on the quality of our culture, which depends on the quality of our relationships, which depends on the quality of our conversations… 
Everything happens through conversation!
– Judith E. Glaser –



___________________________________
Eva Marie Rödström
Research Coordinator
The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB)
www.gu.se/en/cemeb-marine-evolutionary-biology

Department of Marine Sciences
Tjärnö Marine Laboratory 
University of Gothenburg
SE 452 96 STRÖMSTAD
Sweden

eva.marie.rodstrom@gu.se
+46 (0)76 622 9630 

…………………………………………………
Department of Marine Sciences - https://www.gu.se/en/marina-vetenskaper

Centre for Sea and Society - www.gu.se/hav-samhalle

Ocean - www.gu.se/en/ocean

Tjärnö Marine Laboratory - https://www.gu.se/tjarno

…………………………………………………

"For there is always light,
if only we're brave enough to see it
If only we're brave enough to be it"
–  Amanda Gorman – 

To get to our next level of greatness depends on the quality of our culture, which depends on the quality of our relationships, which depends on the quality of our conversations… 
Everything happens through conversation!
– Judith E. Glaser –